John H. Hardeman, MD, DDS, discusses the types of chemotherapy agents used to treat diseases (namely, cancer), the side effects of such agents, and the dental management of patients undergoing chemotherapy. This article is peer-reviewed and available for 2 hours of CE credit. Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the individual will learn: (1) the types of chemotherapy agents used to treat diseases, especially cancer, and (2) dental management of patients undergoing chemotherapy.